We compiled a master chart identifying which claims are being asserted against AI companies in the United States in the complaints in the respective cases. This chart includes claims that may have been later dismissed (because it is possible that the courts of appeals take a different view on the claims). We tried to identify the dismissed claims with an asterisk below. (We excluded the recently filed declaratory judgment action file Brave Software, which seeks a finding of noninfringement and was later voluntarily dismissed.)
Some interesting facts: [SECTION TO BE UPDATED SOON]
- lawsuits have direct copyright infringement claims.
- Only of lawsuits have secondary liability claims, the most popular being vicarious infringement, contributory, and active inducement.
- of lawsuits have DMCA CMI claims. Of these lawsuits, asserts DMCA claims without any direct infringement claim included–these lawsuits are listed last below.
- of lawsuits allege Lanham Act claims, including false endorsement and dilution.
| Case name | Jurisdiction | Judge | Direct copyright claim | Secondary copyright claim | DMCA CMI claim | Lanham Act claim | State law claim |
| Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH et al v. ROSS Intelligence Inc. | D. Del. Third Circuit appeal | Bibas Third Circuit | Yes | Yes* | |||
| Getty Images (US), Inc. v. Stability AI Ltd | N.D. Cal. | Thompson | Yes | 1202(a) 1202(b) | Yes | Yes Unfair comp. Trademark dilution | |
| Sarah Andersen v. Stability AI Ltd | ND Cal. | Orrick | Yes | Inducement | 1202(a)* 1202(b)(1)* | Yes | Yes |
| In re Google Generative AI Copyright Litigation (consolidated cases) Consolidating: Zhang v. Google Leovy v. Google | N.D. Cal. | Lee | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1), (b)(3) | ||
| Richard Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc. Consolidated with: Chabon v. Meta Platforms Farnsworth v. Meta Platforms Huckabee v. Meta Platforms Inc | ND Cal. | Chhabria | Yes | 1202(a)(1)* (b)(1)* summary judgment rejected (b)(3)* | Yes* | ||
| Strike 3 Holdings v. Meta | N.D. Cal. | Westmore | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | |||
| Bartz v. Anthropic, Inc. tentative settlement | N.D. Cal. | Alsup | Yes | ||||
| Millette v. Google (related case) voluntarily dismissed | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes* | |||
| Millette v. NVIDIA (related case) voluntarily dismissed | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes | |||
| Abdi Nazemian v. NVIDIA Corp. consolidated with Dubus v. NVIDIA Corp. | N.D. Cal. | Tigar | Yes | ||||
| In In Re Mosaic LLM Litigation consolidating: O’Nan v. Databricks, Mosaic ML Makkai v. Databricks, Inc., Mosaic ML | N.D. Cal. | Breyer | Yes | Vicarious infringement | |||
| Concord Music Group, Inc. et al v. Anthropic PBC | N.D. Cal. (transferred from M.D. Tenn.). | Lee | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b) | ||
| Alcon Entertainment v. Tesla | C.D. Cal. | Wu | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes* | ||
| Disney v. Midjourney | C.D. Cal. | Kronstadt | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | |||
| CASES in MDL | BEFORE | JUDGE STEIN | In re OpenAI Copyright | Infringement Litigation | |||
| In re OpenAI ChatGPT Litigation, Case No. 23-cv-03223. Consolidating: Paul Tremblay v. OpenAI, Inc. Sarah Silverman v. OpenAI, Inc. Chabon v. OpenAI | ND Cal. transferred to MDL Litigation | Araceli Martinez-Olguin Now before Judge Stein in MDL | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1),* (b)(3)* | Yes | |
| Millette v. OpenAI (related case) | N.D. Cal. transferred to MDL Litigation | Davila Now before Judge Stein in MDL | Yes | Yes* | |||
| Authors Guild v. Open AI consolidated with Alter v. OpenAI, Microsoft, formerly Julian Sancton v. OpenAI, Microsoft consolidated with Authors Guild v. OpenAI plus Basbanes v. Microsoft below aka “Authors Action” | SNDY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | |||
| Basbanes v. Microsoft consolidated for pretrial purposes pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 42. with Authors Guild v. OpenAI above [stayed pending joint submission within 2 weeks of ruling on class certification] | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | |||
| New York Times v. Microsoft consolidated with Daily News and The Center for Investigative Reporting lawsuits below aka “Newspapers Action” | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | |
| Daily News v. Microsoft consolidated with New York Times v. Microsoft above | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | Yes |
| The Center for Investigative Reporting, Inc. v. OpenAI consolidated with New York Times v. Microsoft above | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | ||
| Ziff Davis v. OpenAI | Del. Transferred to MDL before Judge Stein | Andrews Stein | Yes | Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) (also 1201(A)(1) circumvention) | Yes, TM dilution | Yes, TM dilution, unjust enrichment |
| Denial v. OpenAI | ND Cal. Transferred to MDL before Judge Stein | Chen Now before Judge Stein in MDL | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1) (also CFAA claim) | Yes 6 claims | |
| Bird v. Microsoft *related case to In re OpenAI Infringement Litigation | SDNY | Stein | Yes | ||||
| END OF CASES | In MDL LITIGATION | ||||||
| Dow Jones & Co. (WSJ/NY Post) v. Perplexity AI | SDNY | Polk Failla | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes | ||
| Huckabee v. Bloomberg | SDNY | Garnett | Yes | ||||
| UMG Recordings v. Uncharted Labs d/b/a/ Udio | SDNY | Hellerstein | Yes | ||||
| Justice v. Uncharted Labs d/b/a Udio | SDNY | Garnett | Yes | ||||
| Lerhman v. Lovo, Inc. | SDNY | Oetken | Yes | Contributory infringement | Yes | ||
| Advance Local Media v. Cohere | SDNY | McMahon | Yes | Yes | |||
| UMG Recordings v. Suno | D. Mass. | Saylor IV | Yes | ||||
| Justice v. Suno | D. Mass. | Saylor IV | Yes | ||||
| Cases w/o Direct Copyright Claim | |||||||
| Doe 1 v. Github | ND Cal. Ninth Circuit interlocutory appeal | Tigar Ninth Circuit | 1202(b)(1),* (b)(3)* on appeal | Yes | |||
| Peirce v. Photobucket | D. Colo. | Brimmer | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | |||
| Raw Story Media, Inc. v. OpenAI | SDNY Second Circuit appeal | McMahon Second Circuit | 1202(b)(1) *rejected on motion to dismiss | ||||
| Intercept Media Inc. v. OpenAI | SDNY | Rakoff | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3)* | ||||
| Vacker v. Eleven Labs, Inc. tentative settlement | D. Del. | Andrews | 1201 1202(a)(2) 1202(b) | Yes |