We compiled a master chart identifying which claims are being asserted against AI companies in the United States in the complaints in the respective cases. This chart includes claims that may have been later dismissed (because it is possible that the courts of appeals take a different view on the claims). We tried to identify the dismissed claims with an asterisk below. (We excluded the recently filed declaratory judgment action file Brave Software, which seeks a finding of noninfringement.)
Some interesting facts:
- 34 of 39 lawsuits (87%) have direct copyright infringement claims.
- Only 13 of 39 lawsuits (33%) have secondary liability claims, the most popular being vicarious infringement (10), contributory (9), and active inducement (1).
- 14 of 39 lawsuits (36%) have DMCA CMI claims. Of these lawsuits, 5 (13%) asserts DMCA claims without any direct infringement claim included–these lawsuits are listed last below.
- 6 of 39 lawsuits (8%) allege Lanham Act claims, including false endorsement and dilution.
| Case name | Jurisdiction | Judge | Direct copyright claim | Secondary copyright claim | DMCA CMI claim | Lanham Act claim | State law claim |
| Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH et al v. ROSS Intelligence Inc. | D. Del. | Bibas | Yes | Yes* | |||
| Getty Images (US), Inc. v. Stability AI Ltd | D. Del. | Hall | Yes | 1202(a) | Yes | ||
| Sarah Andersen v. Stability AI Ltd | ND Cal. | Orrick | Yes | Inducement | 1202(a)* 1202(b)(1)* | Yes | Yes |
| In re Google Generative AI Copyright Litigation (consolidated cases) Consolidating: Zhang v. Google Leovy v. Google | N.D. Cal. | Lee | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1), (b)(3) | ||
| Richard Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc. Consolidated with: Chabon v. Meta Platforms Farnsworth v. Meta Platforms Huckabee v. Meta Platforms Inc (dismissed without prejudice and tolling). *SDNY case v. Bloomberg ongoing ND Cal. (transferred from SDNY) | ND Cal. | Chhabria | Yes | 1202(a)(1)* (b)(1), (b)(3)* | Yes* | ||
| In re OpenAI ChatGPT Litigation, Case No. 23-cv-03223. Consolidating: Paul Tremblay v. OpenAI, Inc. Sarah Silverman v. OpenAI, Inc. Chabon v. OpenAI | ND Cal. | Araceli Martinez-Olguin | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1),* (b)(3)* | Yes | |
| Bartz v. Anthropic, Inc. | N.D. Cal. | Alsup | Yes | ||||
| Millette v. OpenAI (related case) | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes* | |||
| Millette v. Google (related case) | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes* | |||
| Millette v. NVIDIA (related case) | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes | |||
| Abdi Nazemian v. NVIDIA Corp. (related case) | N.D. Cal. | Tigar | Yes | ||||
| Dubus v. NVIDIA Corp. (related case) | N.D. Cal. | Tigar | Yes | ||||
| In In Re Mosaic LLM Litigation consolidating: O’Nan v. Databricks, Mosaic ML Makkai v. Databricks, Inc., Mosaic ML | N.D. Cal. | Breyer | Yes | Vicarious infringement | |||
| Concord Music Group, Inc. et al v. Anthropic PBC | N.D. Cal. (transferred from M.D. Tenn.). | Lee | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b) | ||
| Alcon Entertainment v. Tesla | C.D. Cal. | Wu | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes* | ||
| Authors Guild v. Open AI consolidated with Alter v. OpenAI, Microsoft, formerly Julian Sancton v. OpenAI, Microsoft consolidated with Authors Guild v. OpenAI plus Basbanes v. Microsoft below aka “Authors Action” | SNDY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | |||
| Basbanes v. Microsoft consolidated for pretrial purposes pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 42. with Authors Guild v. OpenAI above [stayed pending joint submission within 2 weeks of ruling on class certification] | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | |||
| New York Times v. Microsoft consolidated with Daily News and The Center for Investigative Reporting lawsuits below aka “Newspapers Action” | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | |
| Daily News v. Microsoft consolidated with New York Times v. Microsoft above | SDNY | Stain | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | Yes |
| The Center for Investigative Reporting, Inc. v. OpenAI consolidated with New York Times v. Microsoft above | SDNY | Stain | Yes | Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | ||
| Dow Jones & Co. (WSJ/NY Post) v. Perplexity AI | SDNY | Polk Failla | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes | ||
| Huckabee v. Bloomberg | SDNY | Garnett | Yes | ||||
| UMG Recordings v. Uncharted Labs d/b/a/ Udio | SDNY | Hellerstein | Yes | ||||
| Lerhman v. Lovo, Inc. | SDNY | Oetken | Yes | Contributory infringement | Yes | ||
| Advance Local Media v. Cohere | SDNY | McMahon | Yes | Yes | |||
| UMG Recordings v. Suno | D. Mass. | Saylor IV | Yes | ||||
| Cases w/o Direct Copyright Claim | |||||||
| Doe 1 v. Github | ND Cal. | Tigar | 1202(b)(1),* (b)(3)* on appeal | Yes | |||
| Peirce v. Photobucket | D. Colo. | Mag. Judge N. Reid Neureiter | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | |||
| Raw Story Media, Inc. v. OpenAI | SDNY | McMahon | 1202(b)(1) | ||||
| Intercept Media Inc. v. OpenAI | SDNY | Rakoff | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3)* | ||||
| Vacker v. Eleven Labs, Inc. | D. Del. | Andrews | 1201 1202(a)(2) 1202(b) | Yes |