We updated our Master Chart identifying which claims are being asserted against AI companies in the United States in the complaints in the respective cases.
This chart includes claims that may have been later dismissed (because it is possible that the courts of appeals take a different view on the claims). We tried to identify the dismissed claims with an asterisk below.
UPDATE IN PROGRESS ON DEC. 25, 2025: There are now 72 copyright suits. The 8 additional suits will be added to the chart below soon.
UPDATED on Dec. 5, 2025: We added the newly filed New York Times v. Perplexity AI and Chicago Tribune Co. v. Perplexity AI, Inc., suits in the Southern District of New York.
*We excluded the declaratory judgment action Brave Software v. Dow Jones, which sought a finding of noninfringement and was later voluntarily dismissed. Listed below are the other 64 lawsuits:
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| Case name | Jurisdiction | Judge | Direct copyright claim | Secondary copyright claim | DMCA CMI claim | DMCA Anti-circumvention | Lanham Act claim | State law claim |
| Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH et al v. ROSS Intelligence Inc. | D. Del. Third Circuit appeal | Bibas Third Circuit | Yes | Yes* | ||||
| Hendrix v. Apple | N.D. Cal. | Gonzalez Rogers | Yes | |||||
| Martinez-Conde v. Apple | N.D. Cal. | Gonzalez Rogers | Yes | |||||
| Alexander v. Apple | N.D. Cal. | Gonzalez Rogers | Yes | |||||
| Tanzer v. Salesforce | N.D. Cal. | Breyer | Yes | |||||
| Alexander v. Salesforce | N.D. Cal. | Breyer | Yes | |||||
| Getty Images (US), Inc. v. Stability AI Ltd | N.D. Cal. | Thompson | Yes | 1202(a) 1202(b) | Yes | Yes Unfair comp. Trademark dilution | ||
| Sarah Andersen v. Stability AI Ltd | ND Cal. | Orrick | Yes | Inducement | 1202(a)* 1202(b)(1)* | Yes | Yes | |
| In re Google Generative AI Copyright Litigation (consolidated cases) Consolidating: Zhang v. Google Leovy v. Google | N.D. Cal. | Lee | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1), (b)(3) | |||
| Richard Kadrey v. Meta Platforms, Inc. Consolidated with: Chabon v. Meta Platforms Farnsworth v. Meta Platforms Huckabee v. Meta Platforms Inc | N.D. Cal. | Chhabria | Yes | 1202(a)(1)* (b)(1)* summary judgment rejected (b)(3)* | Yes* | |||
| Entrepreneur Media v. Meta | N.D. Cal. | Chhabria | Yes | |||||
| Strike 3 Holdings v. Meta | N.D. Cal. | Westmore | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | ||||
| Bartz v. Anthropic, Inc. tentative settlement | N.D. Cal. | Alsup | Yes | |||||
| Millette v. Google (related case) voluntarily dismissed | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes* | ||||
| Millette v. NVIDIA (related case) voluntarily dismissed | N.D. Cal. | Davila | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Abdi Nazemian v. NVIDIA Corp. consolidated with Dubus v. NVIDIA Corp. | N.D. Cal. | Tigar | Yes | |||||
| In In Re Mosaic LLM Litigation consolidating: O’Nan v. Databricks, Mosaic ML Makkai v. Databricks, Inc., Mosaic ML | N.D. Cal. | Breyer | Yes | Vicarious infringement | ||||
| Concord Music Group, Inc. et al v. Anthropic PBC | N.D. Cal. (transferred from M.D. Tenn.). | Lee | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b) | [requested motion for leave to amend complaint to add 1201 claim] | ||
| Alcon Entertainment v. Tesla | C.D. Cal. | Wu | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes* | |||
| Disney v. Midjourney | C.D. Cal. | Kronstadt | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | ||||
| Warner Brothers v. Midjourney | C.D. Cal. | Kronstadt | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringemen | ||||
| Disney v. MiniMax | C.D. Cal. | Blumenfeld Jr. | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringemen | ||||
| CASES in MDL In re OpenAI Copyright Infringement Litigation in MDL Cases are listed below. | MDL | JUDGE STEIN | In re OpenAI Copyright | Infringement Litigation | ||||
| In re OpenAI ChatGPT Litigation, Case No. 23-cv-03223. Consolidating: Paul Tremblay v. OpenAI, Inc. Sarah Silverman v. OpenAI, Inc. Chabon v. OpenAI | ND Cal. transferred to MDL Litigation | Araceli Martinez-Olguin Now before Judge Stein in MDL | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1),* (b)(3)* | Yes | ||
| Millette v. OpenAI (related case) | N.D. Cal. transferred to MDL Litigation | Davila Now before Judge Stein in MDL | Yes | Yes* | ||||
| Authors Guild v. Open AI consolidated with Alter v. OpenAI, Microsoft, formerly Julian Sancton v. OpenAI, Microsoft consolidated with Authors Guild v. OpenAI plus Basbanes v. Microsoft below aka “Authors Action” | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | ||||
| Basbanes v. Microsoft consolidated for pretrial purposes pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 42. with Authors Guild v. OpenAI above [stayed pending joint submission within 2 weeks of ruling on class certification] | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | ||||
| New York Times v. Microsoft consolidated with Daily News and The Center for Investigative Reporting lawsuits below aka “Newspapers Action” | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | ||
| Daily News v. Microsoft consolidated with New York Times v. Microsoft above | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | Yes | |
| The Center for Investigative Reporting, Inc. v. OpenAI consolidated with New York Times v. Microsoft above | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | |||
| Ziff Davis v. OpenAI | Del. Transferred to MDL before Judge Stein | Andrews Stein | Yes | Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) (also 1201(A)(1) circumvention) | Yes, TM dilution | Yes, TM dilution, unjust enrichment | |
| Denial v. OpenAI | ND Cal. Transferred to MDL before Judge Stein | Chen Now before Judge Stein in MDL | Yes | Vicarious infringement | 1202(b)(1) (also CFAA claim) | Yes 6 claims | ||
| Bird v. Microsoft *related case to In re OpenAI Infringement Litigation | SDNY | Stein | Yes | |||||
| U.S. News & World Report, L.P. v. OpenAI, Inc. *related case to In re OpenAI Infringement Litigation | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) | Yes (4) Trademark Infringement, 15 U.S.C. s. 1114, (5) Trademark Counterfeiting, 15 U.S.C. 1114, 1127, (6) False Designation of Origin and Dilution, 15 U.S.C. s. 1125, | Yes | |
| California Newspaper Partnership v. Microsoft Corp., OpenAI *related case to In re OpenAI Infringement Litigation | SDNY | Stein | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) | |||
| END OF CASES In MDL LITIGATION | ||||||||
| New York Times v. Perplexity AI, Inc. | SDNY | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringemen | Yes False Designation of Origin and Dilution, 15 U.S.C. s. 1125, Trademark Infringement, 15 U.S.C. s. 1114, | ||||
| Chicago Tribune Co. v. Perplexity AI, Inc. | SDNY | TBA | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes False Designation of Origin and Dilution, 15 U.S.C. s. 1125, Trademark Infringement, 15 U.S.C. s. 1114, | |||
| Reddit v. SerpAPI, Perplexity | SDNY | Engelmayer | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(b)(1) | 1201(a)(1)(A) | |||
| Dow Jones & Co. (WSJ/NY Post) v. Perplexity AI | SDNY | Polk Failla | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | Yes | |||
| Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. v. Perplexity | SDNY | Rochon | Yes | Yes False Designation of Origin and Dilution | ||||
| Huckabee v. Bloomberg | SDNY | Garnett | Yes | |||||
| UMG Recordings v. Uncharted Labs d/b/a/ Udio | SDNY | Hellerstein | Yes | 1201(a) | ||||
| Justice v. Uncharted Labs d/b/a Udio | SDNY | Garnett | Yes | 1201(a) | ||||
| Lehrman v. Lovo, Inc. | SDNY | Oetken | Yes | Contributory infringement | Yes | |||
| Advance Local Media v. Cohere | SDNY | McMahon | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Woulard v. Suno | N.D. Ill. | Wood | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(a) 1202(b) | 1201(a) | Violation of Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act, 740 ILCS 14/1 et seq. Violation of Illinois Right of Publicity Act (IRPA), 765 ILCS 1075/1 et seq. Violation of Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act (UDTPA), 815 ILCS 510/1 et seq. (Injunctive Relief) Unjust Enrichment (Illinois Common Law) | |
| Woulard v. Uncharted Labs, Inc. | N.D. Ill. | Ellis | Yes | Vicarious infringement Contributory infringement | 1202(a) 1202(b) | 1201(a) | Violation of Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act, 740 ILCS 14/1 et seq. Violation of Illinois Right of Publicity Act (IRPA), 765 ILCS 1075/1 et seq. Violation of Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act (UDTPA), 815 ILCS 510/1 et seq. (Injunctive Relief) Unjust Enrichment (Illinois Common Law) | |
| UMG Recordings v. Suno | D. Mass. | Saylor IV | Yes | motion for leave to file 1201(a) claim | ||||
| Justice v. Suno | D. Mass. | Saylor IV | Yes | 1201(a) | Yes. Violation of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act, Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-101 et seq.) | |||
| James v. Snowflake Inc. | D. Mont. | Morris | Yes | |||||
| Cases w/o Direct Copyright Claim | ||||||||
| Doe 1 v. Github | N.D. Cal. Ninth Circuit interlocutory appeal | Tigar Ninth Circuit | 1202(b)(1),* (b)(3)* on appeal | Yes | ||||
| Pierce v. Photobucket | D. Colo. | Brimmer | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3) | Yes | ||||
| Raw Story Media, Inc. v. OpenAI | SDNY Second Circuit appeal | McMahon Second Circuit | 1202(b)(1) *rejected on motion to dismiss | |||||
| Intercept Media Inc. v. OpenAI | SDNY | Rakoff | 1202(b)(1) 1202(b)(3)* | |||||
| Vacker v. Eleven Labs, Inc. SETTLED | D. Del. | Andrews | 1202(a)(2) 1202(b) | 1201 | Yes | |||
| Ted Entertainment Inc. v. NVIDIA Corp. | N.D. Cal. | Davila | 1201(a) |